Topic: ARI and Diarrhea of under five and their management.
Question: Write a short note on clinical features and management of acute watery diarrhoea with some dehydration. Also add a note on cdosage and duration of zinc supplementation in a one-year-old child with diarrhea.
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Clinical Features and Management of Acute Watery Diarrhea with Some Dehydration:
Clinical Features: Acute watery diarrhea is characterized by the sudden onset of frequent, loose, and watery stools. Some dehydration is often evident, manifesting as signs such as increased thirst, reduced urine output, dry mouth, sunken eyes, and lethargy in a child. It is essential to recognize these signs early to initiate timely interventions.
Management:
- Rehydration: The cornerstone of management is rehydration using Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS). Encourage the child to drink ORS frequently in small sips to replace lost fluids and electrolytes.
- Continued Feeding: Continue breastfeeding or age-appropriate formula feeding during the diarrhea episode. There is evidence that continued feeding helps maintain the child’s nutritional status.
- Zinc Supplementation: Administer zinc supplementation to reduce the severity and duration of diarrhea.
- Monitoring: Keep a close eye on the child’s condition, monitoring for signs of improvement or deterioration. Seek medical attention if there is no improvement or if the child’s condition worsens.
- Exclusive Breastfeeding (for infants): Continue exclusive breastfeeding alongside ORS, as breast milk provides essential nutrients and antibodies.
Zinc Supplementation in a One-Year-Old Child:
Dosage and Duration: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the following zinc supplementation for children with diarrhea:
- Dosage: For a one-year-old child, the typical dosage is 10 mg of elemental zinc once daily.
- Duration: Administer zinc supplementation for 10 to 14 days, even if diarrhea subsides earlier. Zinc has been shown to be effective in reducing the duration and severity of diarrhea episodes.
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