Topic: Gross anatomy, blood supply and lymphatic drainage of tongue, thyroid
Question: Explain muscles of tongue, sensory and motor supply of tongue.
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Muscles of the Tongue:
Intrinsic muscles:
- Superior longitudinal muscle – originates from submucous fibrous tissue and inserts into edges of tongue and median fibrous septum. Function is to shorten tongue and turn tip and sides upward.
- Inferior longitudinal muscle – originates from root of tongue at hyoid bone and inserts into edges of tongue and median fibrous septum. Function is to shorten tongue and turn tip and sides downward.
- Vertical muscle – originates from median fibrous septum and inserts into edges of tongue. Function is to flatten and broaden the tongue.
- Transverse muscle – originates from median fibrous septum and inserts into edges of tongue. Function is to narrow and elongate the tongue.
Extrinsic muscles:
- Genioglossus – originates from mandible and inserts into ventral surface of tongue. Main function is tongue protrusion and retraction.
- Hyoglossus – originates from hyoid bone and inserts into sides of tongue. Depresses tongue and retracts tip.
- Styloglossus – originates from styloid process near mandible and inserts into sides of tongue. Elevates and retracts tongue.
- Palatoglossus – originates from soft palate and inserts into sides of tongue. Elevates posterior tongue. Innervated by pharyngeal plexus.
Sensory Innervation:
- General sensory – Anterior 2/3rd by lingual branch of mandibular nerve (V3). Posterior 1/3rd by glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX).
- Taste – Anterior 2/3rd by chorda tympani branch of facial nerve (CN VII). Posterior 1/3rd by glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX).
Motor Innervation:
- All intrinsic and extrinsic muscles innervated by hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) except palatoglossus which is supplied by pharyngeal plexus.
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Introduction:
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