Topic: Clinical anatomy of kidney, urinary bladder, uterine tubes, vas deferens.
Question: Describe the kidney under the following headings• Anterior relations • Coverings • Microscopic structure • Anatomical structures encountered in succession in surgical exposure by lumbar route.*
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Anterior Relations
Coverings
– Fibrous capsule – outermost condensation of renal fascia
– Adipose capsule – variable amount of perinephric fat
– Renal fascia – outer layer derived from transversalis fascia
– Perirenal fat – variable thickness, continuous with paranephric fat
– Renal capsule – thin membranous layer covering kidney parenchyma
Microscopic Structure
– Cortex – contains all glomeruli and convoluted tubules
– Medulla – contains loops of Henle and collecting ducts
– Nephron – functional unit composed of glomerulus, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, and distal convoluted tubule
– Collecting duct system – coalesces into papillary ducts that drain urine into calyces
Anatomical Structures Encountered in Lumbar Surgical Exposure:
- Skin
- Subcutaneous tissue
- Latissimus dorsi
- Internal abdominal oblique
- Transversus abdominis
- Transversalis fascia
- Extraperitoneal fat
- Renal fascia
- Perinephric fat
- Fibrous capsule of kidney (4)
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