Topic: Liver abscess,peritonitis, ca pancreas
Question: Write briefly on the role of surgery in management of Liver abscess.
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detailed discussion on the methods available for emergency contraception:
1. Levonorgestrel (LNG) pills
– Dose is 1.5mg stat or 0.75mg 12 hours apart. Maximum efficacy if taken within 72 hours. Still fairly effective up to 120 hours.
– Acts by preventing or delaying ovulation, thickening cervical mucus to prevent sperm entry, and alterations in the endometrium to prevent implantation.
– Efficacy rates when taken within 24 hours is around 95%. This decreases with time to around 85% if taken between 48-120 hours.
– Side effects include nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness, fatigue, breast tenderness. Generally well-tolerated.
– No contraindications in women who can take regular combined oral contraceptive pills.
– Not recommended to be taken repetitively or frequently.
2. Ulipristal acetate (UPA) pills
– Taken as a single 30mg dose. Maximum efficacy within 120 hours after unprotected sex.
– Acts by preventing or delaying ovulation and preventing fertilization. No effect after implantation.
– Efficacy similar to LNG pills if taken within 72 hours (95%). Slightly more effective between 72-120 hours.
– Side effects same as LNG pills but less frequent nausea and vomiting.
– Not recommended for women with severe asthma or taking rifampicin/phenytoin.
3. Combined estrogen-progestin pills
– Less effective with failure rate up to 8% if taken within 72 hours.
– Causes more nausea and vomiting than LNG or UPA pills.
4. Copper IUD
– Insertion up to 5 days after ovulation can prevent implantation of fertilized egg.
– Failure rate less than 1% if inserted within 5 days.
– Can be left in place for ongoing contraception for 5-10 years.
– Risks include perforation, infection, expulsion.
So in summary, LNG or UPA pills are the most effective options for emergency contraception within 120 hours of unprotected sex. Copper IUD can be considered if rapid access available.
Medicivils Medical Science Optional Test Series: Better Than UPSC Medico? Introduction The UPSC Civil Services Examination (CSE) is one of the most competitive exams in the world. The Medical Science optional is a popular choice for many candidates, as it covers a wide range of topics that are relevant to the UPSC syllabus. There are many different test series available for the Medical Science optional, but one of the most popular is the Medicivils test series. Medicivils is a coaching institute that specializes in the Medical Science optional, and their test series is known for its high quality and comprehensive coverage of the syllabus. In this article, we will compare the Medicivils Medical Science Optional Test Series to the UPSC Medico Test Series, and discuss why Medicivils is the better choice for UPSC CSE aspirants. Quality of Questions The quality of the questions in the Medicivils test series is very high. The questions are well-drafted and cover a wide range of topics from the syllabus. The questions are also challenging enough to test the candidates’ knowledge and understanding of the subject. The UPSC Medico test series, on the other hand, has been criticized for the quality of its questions. Some candidates have complained that the questions are too repetitive and do not adequately cover the syllabus. Comprehensiveness The Medicivils test series covers the entire Medical Science syllabus in great detail. The test series includes full-length tests, subject-wise tests, and topic-wise tests. This ensures that the candidates are thoroughly prepared for all aspects of the exam. The UPSC Medico test series, on the other hand, is not as comprehensive. The test series does not cover all of the topics in the syllabus in equal detail. Additionally, the test series does not include any topic-wise tests. Model Answer Sheets The Medicivils test series provides high-quality model answer sheets for all of its tests. The model answer sheets are written by experienced faculty members and provide detailed explanations for all of the questions. The UPSC Medico test series, on the other hand, does not provide model answer sheets for all of its tests. Even for the tests that do have model answer sheets, the quality is often not up to par. Personal Mentorship Medicivils offers personal mentorship to all of its students. The students can get their papers evaluated by experienced faculty members and receive personalized feedback. This helps the students to identify their strengths and weaknesses and to improve their performance. The UPSC Medico test series does not offer personal mentorship to its students. The students do not have the opportunity to get their papers evaluated by experienced faculty members and receive personalized feedback. Video Solutions Medicivils provides video solutions for all of its subject-wise tests. The video solutions are taught by experienced faculty members and provide detailed explanations for all of the questions. The UPSC Medico test series does not provide video solutions for its tests. Evaluation Medicivils evaluates the students’ papers within 7 days. The students’ papers are evaluated by experienced faculty members and they receive a detailed evaluation report. The UPSC Medico test series takes longer to evaluate the students’ papers. The students often have to wait for 10-15 days to receive their evaluation reports. Conclusion Overall, the Medicivils Medical Science Optional Test Series is the better choice for UPSC CSE aspirants. The Medicivils test series offers high-quality questions, comprehensive coverage of the syllabus, model answer sheets, personal mentorship, video solutions, and prompt evaluation. The UPSC Medico test series, on the other hand, has been criticized for the quality of its questions, lack of comprehensive coverage of the syllabus, lack of model answer sheets, lack of personal mentorship, lack of video solutions, and delayed evaluation. If you are serious about cracking the UPSC CSE with the Medical Science optional, then the Medicivils Medical Science Optional Test Series is the best choice for you.
