Topic: Liver abscess,peritonitis, ca pancreas
Question: Write briefly on the role of surgery in management of Liver abscess.
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Causes of hydronephrosis in adults include:
- Stone disease – Kidney stones, especially those in the ureter, are a common cause as they can obstruct the outflow of urine.
- Ureteral strictures – Narrowing or scarring of the ureter may develop due to conditions like radiation, surgery, malignancy etc. obstructing urine flow.
- Tumors – Renal cell carcinoma, transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis or ureter can cause obstruction either due to mass effect of the tumor or involvement of the ureter.
- Extrinsic compression – Conditions like retroperitoneal fibrosis, abdominal aortic aneurysm may compress the ureter from outside causing kinking/pinching.
- Scar tissue/adhesions – Post-operative changes or infections like tuberculosis can lead to intraluminal scarring/adhesions obstructing urine outflow.
- Bladder outlet obstruction – Due to conditions like enlarged prostate, bladder neck contracts, causing backup of urine into the ureter and kidney.
Evaluation of an adult with unilateral right sided hydronephrosis would include:
- Urine routine and culture – To rule out active infection
- Ultrasound KUB – Localize the level and severity of dilatation
- IVU or CT/MRI urogram – Evaluate the functional viability of renal parenchyma and identify cause
- Cystoscopy – If bladder outlet obstruction or tumor suspected
- Ureterorenoscopy – For diagnostic and therapeutic ureteric evaluation
- Biopsy or culture cytology – If malignancy suspected on imaging
- Options for decompression include JJ stenting or percutaneous nephrostomy pending definitive management
The assessment aims to establish viability, identify reversible causes and rule out malignancy for appropriate intervention.
Medicivils Medical Science Optional Test Series: Better Than UPSC Medico? Introduction The UPSC Civil Services Examination (CSE) is one of the most competitive exams in the world. The Medical Science optional is a popular choice for many candidates, as it covers a wide range of topics that are relevant to the UPSC syllabus. There are many different test series available for the Medical Science optional, but one of the most popular is the Medicivils test series. Medicivils is a coaching institute that specializes in the Medical Science optional, and their test series is known for its high quality and comprehensive coverage of the syllabus. In this article, we will compare the Medicivils Medical Science Optional Test Series to the UPSC Medico Test Series, and discuss why Medicivils is the better choice for UPSC CSE aspirants. Quality of Questions The quality of the questions in the Medicivils test series is very high. The questions are well-drafted and cover a wide range of topics from the syllabus. The questions are also challenging enough to test the candidates’ knowledge and understanding of the subject. The UPSC Medico test series, on the other hand, has been criticized for the quality of its questions. Some candidates have complained that the questions are too repetitive and do not adequately cover the syllabus. Comprehensiveness The Medicivils test series covers the entire Medical Science syllabus in great detail. The test series includes full-length tests, subject-wise tests, and topic-wise tests. This ensures that the candidates are thoroughly prepared for all aspects of the exam. The UPSC Medico test series, on the other hand, is not as comprehensive. The test series does not cover all of the topics in the syllabus in equal detail. Additionally, the test series does not include any topic-wise tests. Model Answer Sheets The Medicivils test series provides high-quality model answer sheets for all of its tests. The model answer sheets are written by experienced faculty members and provide detailed explanations for all of the questions. The UPSC Medico test series, on the other hand, does not provide model answer sheets for all of its tests. Even for the tests that do have model answer sheets, the quality is often not up to par. Personal Mentorship Medicivils offers personal mentorship to all of its students. The students can get their papers evaluated by experienced faculty members and receive personalized feedback. This helps the students to identify their strengths and weaknesses and to improve their performance. The UPSC Medico test series does not offer personal mentorship to its students. The students do not have the opportunity to get their papers evaluated by experienced faculty members and receive personalized feedback. Video Solutions Medicivils provides video solutions for all of its subject-wise tests. The video solutions are taught by experienced faculty members and provide detailed explanations for all of the questions. The UPSC Medico test series does not provide video solutions for its tests. Evaluation Medicivils evaluates the students’ papers within 7 days. The students’ papers are evaluated by experienced faculty members and they receive a detailed evaluation report. The UPSC Medico test series takes longer to evaluate the students’ papers. The students often have to wait for 10-15 days to receive their evaluation reports. Conclusion Overall, the Medicivils Medical Science Optional Test Series is the better choice for UPSC CSE aspirants. The Medicivils test series offers high-quality questions, comprehensive coverage of the syllabus, model answer sheets, personal mentorship, video solutions, and prompt evaluation. The UPSC Medico test series, on the other hand, has been criticized for the quality of its questions, lack of comprehensive coverage of the syllabus, lack of model answer sheets, lack of personal mentorship, lack of video solutions, and delayed evaluation. If you are serious about cracking the UPSC CSE with the Medical Science optional, then the Medicivils Medical Science Optional Test Series is the best choice for you.
