Topic: Health information Collection, Analysis and Presentation
Question:Enumerate the sources of health information in India. Discuss briefly the methodology of conducting census in India.
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sources of health information
1. Census
2. Registration of Vital Events
3. Sample Registration System (SRS)
4. Notification of Diseases
5. Hospital Records
6. Disease Registers
7. Record Linkage
8. Epidemiological Surveillance
9. Other Health Service Records
10. Environmental Health Data
11. Health Manpower Statistics
12. Population Surveys
13. Other routine statistics related to health
14. Non-quantifiable information
Census is taken in most countries of the world at regular intervals
Definition of Census (UN): ‘The total process of collecting, compiling and publishing demographic, economic and social data pertaining at a specified time or times, to ALL persons in a country or delimited territory’.
It is massive undertaking to contact every member of the population in a given time and collect a variety of information
It needs
• Massive preparation and
• Several years to analyze the results after census is taken
• This is the main problem of census as a data source i.e. that the results are not available quickly
Census in India
The first regular census was undertaken in 1881
Census is undertaken after every 10 years
Usually, it is conducted at the end of the first quarter of the first year in each decade.
The Census Operations in India have been carried out in two phases: – i) Houselisting and Housing Census and ii) Population Enumeration. During Houselisting and Housing Census, all buildings, Census Houses and Households are identified and systematically listed in the relevant schedules. It provides comprehensive data on the conditions of human settlements, housing deficit and consequently the housing requirements to be taken care of in the formulation of housing policies. This will also provide a wide range of data/information on amenities and assets available to the Households. This would also provide the base for Population Enumeration by giving a more realistic idea of the population size of the Houselisting blocks, thereby ensuring the more practical carving of the blocks for Population Enumeration.
The Population Enumeration follows the Housing Census within a gap of six to eight months. . During the second phase of census taking, each person is enumerated and her/his individual particulars like Age, Marital status, Religion, Schedule Cast/Schedule Tribe, Mother tongue, Education level, Disability, Economic activity, Migration, Fertility (for female) are collected.
It has been the practice to undertake pre-test of census schedules about two years prior to the conduct of the census.
The Census Act of 1948 is the legal basis of the censes
The Census Commissioner of India is the highest officer responsible for guiding and operating the census
Although the primary function of census was to collect demographic information i.e.
• Total count of population
• Break-up of the population into subgroups such as age and sex distribution
But over the years, much more information is collected along with this
• Social and economic characteristics of the households
• Their living conditions e.g. type of fuel used, type of house etc.
• Occupation
• Income Etc.
Census data provides a frame of reference and baseline information for administration, planning, action and research in medicine and social sciences
Population census provides the data used to compute health, demographic and socio economic indicators
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