Topic:Intra-uterine devices, pills, tubectomy and vasectomy
Question: Enumerate the contraindications which limits the usage of oral contraceptive pills in a woman? Also, discuss the causes for failure of sterilization procedure in males and females.
Click here for Reference Material-This material is informational alone and is not specifically prepared as an answer for any question. Readers may do their own research before finalising diagnoses according to the characteristics unique to each question. Readers should not proceed without cross-referencing with relevant textbooks as well as standard guidelines available.
Contraindications for Oral Contraceptive Pills (OCPs) in Women:
- History of Thromboembolic Disorders:
- OCPs can increase the risk of blood clots, and women with a history of thromboembolic disorders should avoid them.
- Cardiovascular Diseases:
- Women with a history of heart attack, stroke, or coronary artery disease may be at an increased risk with oral contraceptives.
- Liver Disease:
- OCPs are metabolized in the liver, and women with liver disease may experience complications.
- Breast Cancer:
- There is a concern that hormonal contraceptives may increase the risk of breast cancer, especially in women with a history of the disease.
- Hypertension:
- Women with uncontrolled hypertension are at an increased risk of cardiovascular complications with OCP use.
- Migraine with Aura:
- Women who experience migraines with aura are at a higher risk of stroke when using OCPs.
- Smoking:
- Smoking, especially in women over 35 years old, increases the risk of cardiovascular complications and thromboembolism when combined with OCPs.
- Age:
- OCPs are generally not recommended for women who have not yet reached puberty or for postmenopausal women.
- Diabetes with Vascular Complications:
- Women with diabetes and vascular complications may have an increased risk of cardiovascular events when using OCPs.
- Undiagnosed Vaginal Bleeding:
- Women with undiagnosed abnormal vaginal bleeding should not start OCPs until the cause is identified.
- Gallbladder Disease:
- OCPs may increase the risk of gallbladder disease, and women with a history of this condition may be advised against their use.
Causes for Failure of Sterilization Procedures:
Male Sterilization (Vasectomy):
- Failure to Confirm Azoospermia:
- In some cases, men may not follow up to confirm the absence of sperm in the ejaculate after vasectomy, leading to the possibility of failure.
- Spontaneous Reanastomosis:
- Rarely, the cut ends of the vas deferens may spontaneously reconnect, allowing sperm to flow through.
- Technical Errors during Surgery:
- Surgical errors during the vasectomy procedure, such as incomplete occlusion of the vas deferens, can result in failure.
Female Sterilization (Tubal Ligation):
- Incomplete Occlusion of Fallopian Tubes:
- If the fallopian tubes are not fully sealed or occluded during tubal ligation, there is a risk of the tubes reopening.
- Spontaneous Regeneration:
- Rare cases have been reported where the fallopian tubes regenerate and reconnect after tubal ligation.
- Incorrect Placement of Clips or Rings:
- If the clips or rings used to block the fallopian tubes are not properly placed, they may slip or become dislodged.
- Technical Errors during Surgery:
- Surgical errors, such as mistakenly ligating other structures or incomplete occlusion, can lead to failure of the sterilization procedure.
Medicivils Medical Science Optional Test Series: Better Than UPSC Medico? Introduction The UPSC Civil Services Examination (CSE) is one of the most competitive exams in the world. The Medical Science optional is a popular choice for many candidates, as it covers a wide range of topics that are relevant to the UPSC syllabus. There are many different test series available for the Medical Science optional, but one of the most popular is the Medicivils test series. Medicivils is a coaching institute that specializes in the Medical Science optional, and their test series is known for its high quality and comprehensive coverage of the syllabus. In this article, we will compare the Medicivils Medical Science Optional Test Series to the UPSC Medico Test Series, and discuss why Medicivils is the better choice for UPSC CSE aspirants. Quality of Questions The quality of the questions in the Medicivils test series is very high. The questions are well-drafted and cover a wide range of topics from the syllabus. The questions are also challenging enough to test the candidates’ knowledge and understanding of the subject. The UPSC Medico test series, on the other hand, has been criticized for the quality of its questions. Some candidates have complained that the questions are too repetitive and do not adequately cover the syllabus. Comprehensiveness The Medicivils test series covers the entire Medical Science syllabus in great detail. The test series includes full-length tests, subject-wise tests, and topic-wise tests. This ensures that the candidates are thoroughly prepared for all aspects of the exam. The UPSC Medico test series, on the other hand, is not as comprehensive. The test series does not cover all of the topics in the syllabus in equal detail. Additionally, the test series does not include any topic-wise tests. Model Answer Sheets The Medicivils test series provides high-quality model answer sheets for all of its tests. The model answer sheets are written by experienced faculty members and provide detailed explanations for all of the questions. The UPSC Medico test series, on the other hand, does not provide model answer sheets for all of its tests. Even for the tests that do have model answer sheets, the quality is often not up to par. Personal Mentorship Medicivils offers personal mentorship to all of its students. The students can get their papers evaluated by experienced faculty members and receive personalized feedback. This helps the students to identify their strengths and weaknesses and to improve their performance. The UPSC Medico test series does not offer personal mentorship to its students. The students do not have the opportunity to get their papers evaluated by experienced faculty members and receive personalized feedback. Video Solutions Medicivils provides video solutions for all of its subject-wise tests. The video solutions are taught by experienced faculty members and provide detailed explanations for all of the questions. The UPSC Medico test series does not provide video solutions for its tests. Evaluation Medicivils evaluates the students’ papers within 7 days. The students’ papers are evaluated by experienced faculty members and they receive a detailed evaluation report. The UPSC Medico test series takes longer to evaluate the students’ papers. The students often have to wait for 10-15 days to receive their evaluation reports. Conclusion Overall, the Medicivils Medical Science Optional Test Series is the better choice for UPSC CSE aspirants. The Medicivils test series offers high-quality questions, comprehensive coverage of the syllabus, model answer sheets, personal mentorship, video solutions, and prompt evaluation. The UPSC Medico test series, on the other hand, has been criticized for the quality of its questions, lack of comprehensive coverage of the syllabus, lack of model answer sheets, lack of personal mentorship, lack of video solutions, and delayed evaluation. If you are serious about cracking the UPSC CSE with the Medical Science optional, then the Medicivils Medical Science Optional Test Series is the best choice for you.
