Topic: Antipyretics and analgesics, Antibiotics
Question: Explain the mechanism of action, uses and adverse effects of Aspirin.
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Mechanism of Action:
– Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that works by irreversibly inhibiting the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX).
– COX converts arachidonic acid into prostaglandin H2, which is converted into inflammatory prostaglandins and thromboxanes.
– By acetylating COX, aspirin prevents the formation of prostaglandins and thromboxanes, reducing inflammation, pain, fever and blood clotting.
Uses:
– Mild to moderate pain relief from conditions like arthritis, muscle aches, headaches, toothaches
– Reducing fever
– Preventing blood clots and reducing risk of heart attack and stroke
– Preventing pre-eclampsia and miscarriage in pregnant women
– Preventing strokes and heart attacks after cardiac surgery
Adverse Effects:
– Stomach upset, nausea, vomiting
– Stomach ulcers and bleeding
– Ringing in the ears (tinnitus)
– Increased risk of bleeding especially when overused
– Allergic reactions like rash, itching, swelling
– Reye’s syndrome in children if given for viral infections
– Kidney problems in some people
